Terpecahkan Timbulnya Rasa Takut Akan Kehilangan Uang !

ORANG takut kehilangan uang dan sebuah studi menjelaskan hal itu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mempelajari pusat kekhawatiran di otak yang mengendalikan reaksi pada judi. Studi atas dua perempuan dengan luka otak yang membuat mereka tak takut kehilangan dalam perjudian memperlihatkan amygdala, pusat rasa takut di otak, menjadi aktif saat muncul pikiran mengenai kehilangan uang. Temuan yang disiarkan di dalam " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" menawarkan pemahaman mengenai perilaku ekonomi dan menunjukkan bahwa manusia berkembang untuk bersikap hati- hati mengenai prospek kehilangan makanan atau harta lain yang berharga.

Benedetto De Martinoa dari California Institute of Technology di Pasadena dan University College of London dan rekan sedang mengkaji mengapa orang akan menolak perjudian yang tampaknya akan menghasilkan kemenangan. "Bukti laboratorium dan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa orang sering menghindari risiko kehilangan bahkan ketika mereka mungkin memperoleh hasil yang lebih besar, pilihan perilaku yang disebut keengganan terhadap kerugian," tulis mereka. Mereka mempelajari dua perempuan dengan kondisi genetika yang langka yang disebut penyakit "Urbach- Wiethe", yang merusak amygdala, pusat otak yang berbentuk seperti amandel dan mengendalikan rasa takut serta emosi akut tertentu. Para peneliti itu membandingkan reaksi kedua perempuan tersebut dengan 12 orang dengan otak yang tak mengalami kerusakan. Mereka menyatakan studi jenis itu biasanya hanya melibatkan sedikit orang, karena tak mungkin atau tidak etis untuk secara sengaja merusak otak seseorang untuk melihat apa yang terjadi. Para relawan tersebut diminta untuk membuat taruhan, kondisi mereka mungkin menang US$20 atau kalah US$5 -- risiko yang tentu diambil oleh kebanyakan orang-- atau akan menang atau kalah US$20 kondisi yang akan ditolak oleh kebanyakan orang. Kedua pasien dengan kerusakan amygdala itu malah tanpa rasa khawatir memasang taruhan sebesar US$50. "Kami kira ini memperlihatkan bahwa amygdala sangat penting dalam menyulut rasa hati-hati ke arah penetapan taruhan saat orang mungkin kalah," kata Colin Camerera dari University College London, yang mengerjakan studi tersebut, dalam satu pernyataan. "Amygdala yang berfungsi penuh tampaknya membuat kita lebih berhati-hati," kata rekannya, Ralph Adolphs, menambahkan. "Kita sudah mengetahui bahwa amygdala terlibat di dalam proses kekhawatiran, dan itu tampaknya juga membuat kita takut menghadapi risiko kehilangan uang." Studi itu juga dapat membantu para peneliti memahami mengapa sebagian orang rela mengambil risiko dibandingkan dengan yang lain. Barangkali perbedaan genetika di dalam DNA yang aktif di dalam amygdala dapat menjelaskannya, kata para peneliti tersebut.[*/ito]

DEPRESSION – AVOIDING IT

Depression is a serious illness that can affect the work power, family and social life of a person. This is why we don’t have to ignore it and hide it. It is important to know the symptoms, the causes and what possibilities we have to prevent it.

Each one of us had at some point a depressing sad moment. Depression is a normal human reaction associated to a loss, with the tumult of everyday life or with an agitated sentimental life. Sometimes the sadness sensation passes but sometimes it doesn’t, it becomes more persistent and it can conduct to nervous breakdowns. The diseases of the nervous system are very serious and that is why it is important not to pass them by without proper help when we realize we can’t handle them by ourselves. Getting help is not only normal, but required also.

Here are some of the symptoms of depression:

- sadness

- loosing energy

- loosing hope in life and others

- not finding pleasant anymore the things you used to love

- having trouble concentrating

- uncontrolled crying

- headaches, other types of inexplicable aches and itches

- needing to sleep a lot or on the contrary not getting any sleep at all

- loosing appetite and loosing weight at the same time

These are just some of the symptoms of depression and if more of them are associated they are not to be ignored and a discussion with a close person or a specialist has to happen very soon.

What causes depression? There is not a single source that causes depression. This is a complex disease that can appear as a result of multiple causes. Depression can also be transmitted among persons that are close to each other, by influence.

There are proofs that say persons suffering of depression suffer brain changes. There are also proofs that explain how depression can also be genetic. Children affected by the depression of their parents or parents whose children suffer from chronic depression are more likely to be affected themselves by this illness.

To try and prevent depression we have to know ourselves very well. Although treatable depression can be hard to prevent once we are already melancholic. The best method to avoid another crisis after a chronic depression is to keep and eye open to its symptoms and its causes. And also get professional hope whenever we feel like we need it.

AFRAID OF HEIGHTS?

Being afraid of height (whether during a plane trip or escalading a mountain) is a serious problem that affects many persons and can have severe if not fatal repercussions on the respective person. The sickness is provoked by the lack of oxygen.

The easiest manifestation of height sickness can appear at altitudes of 2000 meters and it will manifest itself through headaches, dizziness, and incapability of movement. These symptoms will disappear in a few days if you continue staying at that height.

The most severe sensations of height sickness appear at extremely high altitudes usually over 3000 meters in altitude. Next to the symptoms already mentioned, others can appear like: loosing appetite, sleep disorders and waking up frequently in the middle of the night. The difficulty that can be encountered when breathing, stomach sickness, temporary losses of memory, encountering difficulty when trying to concentrate are amongst the most common and severe symptoms that solicit an immediate change of altitude.

Who are the ones most likely to be afraid of heights?

There is no way to predict who is going to be height sick. Surprisingly, older people, people with low physical activity and poor health are not more affected by the height sickness than other persons. This also means that if you never encountered this problem until now you can’t be sure that you won’t feel sick next time you take a trip by plane or climb a mountain.

How can this be avoided?

The best solution to avoid this sensation in the mountains is to climb slowly until you get to the destination, and to climb in such a way that the whole process is going to take at least a few days. In case of a plane flight, ask the advice of the physician about the medication you can take to stop the alternative of being plane sick.

It is extremely important to drink as much water as you can possibly drink to avoid deshidratation, a factor that can make the sensation of sick worse. A big quantity of water is lost when you are at low temperatures, but also when you are involved in activities that require a great effort, like winter sports.